3.2.1

Three things I have learned:
1. I have learned that the Industrial Revolution started in Britain and spurred a revolution in technology.
2. I have learned that the word "Utopia" comes from the name for an imaginary island in a book written by Sir Thomas Moore.
3. I have learned that there were changes in the economy as well as reforms. I also learned that a lot of ideas built upon one another.

Two things that interested me:
1. I found it interesting that everyone in the world started blaming Marx for inventing Communism. Based on his writing and idea one third of the people practiced communism.
2. I found it interesting that Marx and Engels were able to form their own secret society called "The Communist League" in which they prepared the book called "The Communist Manifesto".

One question have:
Why did Marx's believe that the capitalist system will eventually destroy itself ?

Capitialism

Got Money?

Capitalism is an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the intent of making a profit.

Laissez-Faire means:

"let them do as they please"

Adam Smith was a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. He defended the idea of a free economy or free market. In 1776, he wrote a book called "The Wealth of Nations." He claimed that the government did not need to interfere in the economy. In his book, he argued that if individuals freely followed their own self interest, then the world would be an orderly and progressive place. Thomas Malthus and David Richardo supported Smith's beliefs. They both believed that natural law governed economic life.

Laissez-faire is the foundation of capitalism. Mathus built upon some of Smiths ideas. He wrote an essay on the Principle of Population in 1798. He argued that the population tends to increase the more rapid than food supply. In 1840 this was proven.

David Richardo continued Malthus theory in his book Principles of Political Economy and taxation in 1817. He believed that a permanent underclass would always be poor. All three of these thinkers opposed government efforts to help the poor.

Capitalism exists in America and is globally spread.

America Runs on Capitalism

Womens Fight For Change

Jane Addams

The industrial revolution started reforms and protests from the women. They were angry. Women in factories made one third as much money as men.

Many women decided to form unions. They often questioned why they were denied their own rights as women based on gender. The movement for women's rights started in the United States in 1848. Women activists around the world joined to found the International Council for Women in 1888. In 1889, 27 countries attended the meeting.

I believe that women should have equal opportunity to receive the same pay for their work. Everyone should receive equal pay for the work that they are performing. I can only imagine how society would be if the people in the world were treated equal and fair in their employment.

Connection Across Time: Cell Phones

 Inventions today are changing every aspect of our lives. Cell phones are  electronic devices that are able to make mobile phone call across a wide geographical area.

Doctor Martin Cooper is responsible for creating the modern cell phone. His revolutionary call took place in April 1973 in New York.

 Information is now able to be updated, passed, and uploaded without being in front of your computer. This is an invention that helps mankind. There are many companies and a variety of cellphones to choose from. This technology is  revolutionary. The world is basically in the palm of your hands.




Revolution = Change

"Macadam" Road

   The British roadways started to improve due to John McAdam, a Scottish engineer. He decided to place layers of large stones for drainage on the roadbeds. On top of the previous layer he cautiously smoothed layers of crushed rock. Now heavy trucks were able to travel over the road without getting stuck. This was considered an alternative for dirt roads.

By creating this road it helped people transport items easier. It also sparked up ideas for new roads and turnpikes. They also wanted travelers to stop and pay tolls before they continued on their journey.

The Steam Engine

The earliest steam engine was used in 1705 for mining. James Watt was a mathematical instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. In 1765 he started to figure out ways to make the steam engine work faster and become more efficient by burning less fuel. In 1774 Watt became partners with Mathew Boulton.
The improvement in transportation helped spur up other industrial movements. This time period allowed machinery to rise.

One invention led to the next. Eventually the steam engine would be used in steam boats and other locomotives. The steam engine helped improve transportation.

The Spinning Jenny

Major inventions in the 1800 started to modernize the cotton industries. One invention led to the next. In 1733, John Kay made a shuttle that sped back and forth on a wheel. The flying spinner would not be enough for the speedy weavers they needed someone to produce a a better spinning machine.
In 1764, a textile worker named James Hargreaves invented a spinning wheel that he named after his daughter Jenny. This invention allowed one spinner to work up to eight threads. It helped them to keep pace with the weavers. However, some of the workers felt threatened. They believed that one spinning jenny could do several men's work. So they formed a mob, stormed into Hargreaves house, and destroyed all of his inventions. Hoping to protect his family he moved them to Nottingham and opened a mill where he manufactured yarn.

Connection to today: The Spinning Jenny helped developed clothing at a faster pace. It decreased manual labor and it helped develop a better quality of clothes. The Spinining Jennny also allowed factories to become industrial. The factories' mass production increased and it gave factory owners a better opportunity in gaining economical wealth.

Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

 The Industrial Revolution started in England and eventually emerged around the world. In England during the 18th century the amount of machinery increased. This sparked the Industrial Revolution. The factory system changed every aspect of life. As machines became more effiecent, it led to economic, social and political reforms. I hope to understand and present what I have learned from Chapter 9.